Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain and heightened sensitivity throughout the body. People with fibromyalgia often feel pain in many areas for long periods, along with fatigue, sleep issues, and trouble concentrating — sometimes called “fibro fog.” Unlike an injury that affects one area, fibromyalgia involves abnormal pain processing in the nervous system, meaning the brain and spinal cord amplify pain signals even without ongoing tissue damage.

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not fully known, but it is believed to involve changes in how the central nervous system processes pain.

Common factors that contribute include:

Central sensitization: nerves and brain circuits amplify pain signals.
Genetic predisposition: family history may increase risk.
Triggers such as physical injury, infection, or stress that may initiate symptoms.
Sleep disturbances that worsen pain and fatigue.

Fibromyalgia is much more common in women than in men and may occur alongside other chronic conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, and mood disorders.

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Symptoms vary between individuals and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

Widespread Pain

Pain that affects both sides of the body and above and below the waist
Pain described as aching, burning, or throbbing

Fatigue & Sleep Problems

Feeling tired even after long sleep
Conditions like restless legs or sleep apnea may co-occur

Cognitive Difficulties (“Fibro Fog”)

Trouble concentrating
Memory issues
Difficulty focusing on tasks

Other Symptoms

Headaches or migraines
Digestive trouble (bloating, IBS symptoms)
Sensitivity to light, noise, or temperature
Mood symptoms like anxiety or depression

How Is Fibromyalgia Diagnosed?

There is no specific lab test that confirms fibromyalgia. Instead, diagnosis is based on:

Medical history and symptom pattern
Widespread pain lasting 3 months or more
Ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus)

Doctors may use blood tests or imaging to ensure another condition isn’t causing your symptoms and may recommend sleep studies if sleep disorders are suspected.

Treatment Options

There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but effective treatment can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Medications

Certain antidepressants or nerve pain medicines may reduce pain and fatigue
Sleep-supporting medications when appropriate Note: Opioids are not recommended for fibromyalgia pain.

Lifestyle & Self-Care

Fibromyalgia care often includes:

Gentle, regular exercise and stretching
Good sleep habits
Stress management techniques such as mindfulness or deep breathing
Pacing activity to avoid flare-ups

Therapies

Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength
Occupational therapy to modify activities and reduce pain triggers
Counseling or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help manage stress and coping skills

Support & Pain Management

Kansas Pain Management can help tailor a multi-modal care plan that includes both medical and supportive therapies to reduce pain and improve daily function.

Prognosis — What to Expect

Fibromyalgia is typically a long-term condition, but many patients can lead fulfilling lives with the right combination of therapies. Symptom severity often fluctuates, with periods of improvement and worsening known as flare-ups.